https://vaccine.org.ua/vakczynacziya-v-ukrayini/rekomendovani-shheplennya/
According to the CDC (U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) recommendations adapted to Ukraine, it is important for all adults, regardless of their occupation, to receive such vaccinations:
You are recommended to receive the diphtheria and tetanus vaccine (DPT-M) with a booster every 10 years. According to the CDC (U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) recommendations adapted to Ukraine, it is important for all adults, regardless of their occupation, to receive these vaccinations:
You are recommended to get at least 1 dose of pneumococcal vaccine. Level of evidence A
Since you work in healthcare or education, additional vaccinations are recommended. You can read more about the list here: https://vaccine.org.ua/pro-vakczynacziyu/pro-vakczynacziyu-za-profesiyamy/ Level of evidence A
You can get vaccinated against human papillomavirus: 3-dose series.
You need to be vaccinated against measles, rubella, mumps with 2 doses with a minimum interval of 1 month.
You can get 2 doses of hepatitis A vaccine with a minimum interval of 5 months.
You are recommended to be vaccinated against hepatitis B with 3 doses according to the 1-1 month or 1-5 month schedule.
It is recommended to be vaccinated against chickenpox with 2 doses with a minimum interval of 6 weeks (according to the instructions for the drug).
Even if you don't smoke, secondhand smoke is also harmful to your health:
It can shorten life expectancy and increase the susceptibility to diseases that are most common in smokers (cancer, chronic lung disease, heart disease, stroke, diabetes, sexual dysfunction, etc.) Therefore, try to avoid being around someone who smokes. If possible, recommend that they seek medical help to quit smoking.
Ex-smokers have an increased risk of developing various types of cancer, including lung cancer. Even after quitting smoking, the risk remains higher than for people who have never smoked.
This is a difficult and very important decision, and with the support of a doctor who will support you with proven modern methods, quitting smoking will be much easier Recommendations:
It is important for you to quit now, and your doctor will be able to help you if you need it.
You are not ready to quit smoking now, most likely you have some prerequisites or certain factors that do not allow you to make this decision, and you may be concerned about factors such as
There is a solution! With the help of modern methods that have helped hundreds of thousands of people quit smoking, contact your family doctor for advice on this issue.
Obviously, at this stage you have certain obstacles, such as
If you want to get rid of these factors, there is an effective method that has already helped thousands of people with nicotine addiction quit. Contact your family doctor to discuss it.
Try not to drink alcohol in the future, as any dose of alcohol is harmful to your health.
Be careful, because any dose of alcohol is harmful to your health.
You are not at risk of alcohol dependence. Try to reduce the amount of alcohol you drink, as any dose of alcohol is harmful to your health.
There is a risk that you have an alcohol addiction. This is a threat to your health. See a doctor as soon as possible.
According to your information, you are underweight. This can be a symptom of a serious medical condition. Contact your doctor for advice and consultation as soon as possible.
Based on your data, you are a normal weight. Keep it at this level.
Keep an eye on your body mass index. Even if your body mass index is normal, if you are a man and your waist circumference is greater than 94, or if your waist circumference is greater than 80 cm, this may indicate certain changes and require a visit to a doctor.
Based on your information, you are overweight. This may be due to a serious medical condition. Please contact your doctor as soon as possible for advice and consultation.
Based on your information, you are obese. This may be the result of a serious medical condition. Contact your doctor immediately for advice and consultation. Patients with abdominal obesity (also called central obesity, visceral obesity, android obesity, or male obesity) are at increased risk of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and liver steatosis associated with metabolic dysfunction, and have higher rates of overall mortality.
Ukraine belongs to the region with a high prevalence of Hepatitis B. We recommend that you consult your family doctor to decide on vaccination and screening for Hepatitis B.
Based on your answers, you have risk factors for hepatitis B. The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommends a rapid hepatitis B test. Ask your family doctor for more information.
Level of evidence B
If you have been diagnosed with hepatitis B or hepatitis C, it is important to see your doctor regularly to monitor your liver function and avoid factors that can damage your liver, such as alcohol and certain medications. Patients with hepatitis B are often prescribed antiviral therapy to control the infection, but the virus remains in the body. It is important to know that there are modern antiviral medications that can cure hepatitis C and that hepatitis B vaccination is available in Ukraine. Therefore, seeing a doctor to discuss treatment is a key step to improving health and preventing complications.
Ukraine is a region with a high prevalence of hepatitis C. We recommend that you consult your family doctor to decide whether you should be screened for this disease.
Judging by your answers, you have risk factors for hepatitis C. We recommend taking a rapid test for hepatitis C. For details, please contact your family doctor.
There is a high risk of getting pulmonary tuberculosis in Ukraine. It is recommended that you get a Mantoux or Quantiferon test, either once or, if you are at high risk, regularly. Talk to your doctor to decide if you should be screened for TB.
You have been diagnosed with tuberculosis. See a doctor and do not self-medicate. There are programs to fight TB and effective medicines. TB treatment should be started as early as possible to get the best results. Warn the people around you, because TB does not discriminate between social status and is equally dangerous for everyone.
It is important to follow certain medical guidelines when you are in contact with people with TB. Get regular TB screenings, especially if you have been in close contact with people who are infected. This may include TB tests such as the Mantoux test or the quantiferon test. You should also look out for symptoms such as a prolonged cough, night sweats, and weight loss. If you suspect an infection, contact your doctor immediately for further examination and possible treatment.
For people who travel frequently to South Asia and Africa, it is important to follow certain medical recommendations. It is recommended that you get vaccinated against hepatitis A and B, typhoid, yellow fever, and meningococcal infection, depending on the country. It is also necessary to be tested for malaria and tuberculosis upon your return if you have been exposed to potentially dangerous regions. Keep a close eye on symptoms such as fever, cough, or rash, and seek medical attention if they occur.
For people planning to travel to South Asia and Africa, it is important to follow certain medical recommendations. It is recommended that you schedule vaccinations to protect yourself from deadly diseases. Please contact your family doctor to schedule your vaccination.
To protect yourself from sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and HIV, it is recommended that you always use condoms when having sex with new partners or even within your marriage if you are at risk of infection. This will help protect your health and prevent the transmission of the infection to other people. If you and your partner are not at risk of STDs and are planning a family, you can consider other methods of contraception that are right for you. To choose the best contraceptive method, consult your doctor for advice.
Based on your answers, you have risk factors for HIV infection. The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPTF) recommends that you get tested for HIV regularly. And more often if you have new partners or additional risk factors. Talk to your doctor about the frequency of testing and possible additional tests based on your personal risk factors. This will allow you to choose the best prevention and diagnostic program. Regular testing is an important step in the timely detection and treatment of HIV infection, which significantly reduces the risk of complications and transmission to other people. Level of evidence A
For patients with HIV/AIDS, it is important to adhere to antiretroviral therapy to control the virus and maintain a quality of life. Be sure to inform your sexual partner about the presence of HIV to ensure safety for both. Modern treatment can significantly reduce the viral load, and with proper treatment, HIV-positive people can live a long and fulfilling life.
Based on your answers, you have risk factors for sexually transmitted infections. The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommends that you get tested for syphilis. Level of evidence A
Based on your answers, you have risk factors for sexually transmitted infections. The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommends that you get tested for sexually transmitted infections (chlamydia and gonorrhea).
For people aged 18 to 40 years, it is recommended to measure blood pressure every 3 years for early detection of hypertension. If you find high readings (140/90 and above), consult your doctor to choose the strategy that will be best for you.
How to measure blood pressure correctly:
Level of evidence A
You are recommended to have your blood pressure measured once a year for early detection of hypertension. If you find high readings (140/90 and above), consult your doctor to choose the strategy that is best for you.
People over 40 years of age are recommended to have their blood pressure measured once a year for early detection of hypertension. If high values are detected (140/90 and above) – consult your doctor to choose the strategy that is best for you.
If you have hypertension, it is important to have your blood pressure measured regularly and to follow your doctor's prescriptions for treatment and lifestyle changes. Control your salt intake, quit bad habits such as smoking and excessive alcohol consumption, and try to maintain a normal weight. Regular physical activity, a balanced diet, and avoiding stress can help you control your blood pressure more effectively and reduce the risk of complications such as stroke or heart attack. See your doctor to assess your risk of cardiovascular events.
Based on your answers, dyslipidemia screening (lipid profile) is recommended. Discuss with your doctor the frequency of testing and possible additional tests based on your personal risk factors. This will allow you to choose the optimal prevention and diagnostic program. Regular testing is an important step for timely detection and treatment, which significantly reduces the risk of complications. Consult your doctor to assess your risk of cardiovascular disasters.
Level of evidence C
According to your answers, you are at high risk for dyslipidemia (abnormal fat metabolism). You are recommended to have screening from age 18 onward. Discuss with your doctor the frequency of testing and possible additional tests based on your personal risk factors. This will allow you to choose the optimal prevention and diagnostic program. Regular testing is an important step for timely detection and treatment, which significantly reduces the risk of complications. Consult your doctor to assess your risk of cardiovascular disasters.
Patients with high cholesterol are likely to need special medications. Contact your doctor to discuss a treatment plan.
It is also important to include more fruits, vegetables, whole grains, healthy fats such as omega-3, and regular physical activity (30 minutes a day) in your diet. It is recommended to stop smoking and limit alcohol consumption. See your doctor to assess your risk of cardiovascular events.
Yes, you can. Some people can lower their cholesterol levels by changing their diet. But this doesn't always work. However, you can improve your overall health by eating better. If you have high cholesterol, you should avoid or limit your intake of saturated fats. They are found in foods such as: ● Red meat; ● Butter; ● Fried foods; ● Cheese; ● Baked goods, such as cookies, cakes, or pastries. Other foods that can help lower cholesterol include: ● Eating more soluble fiber - soluble fiber is found in fruits, oats, barley, beans, and peas. Eating a vegetarian or vegan diet - A vegetarian diet does not contain meat. A vegan diet does not contain any animal products at all, including meat, eggs, and milk. Sometimes replace meat with soy products - Soy products include tofu and tempeh. In general, you can improve your health by eating lots of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. You can also reduce your intake of carbohydrates, sweets, and processed foods. Following a "Mediterranean diet" can help lower cholesterol levels. This type of diet: ● Includes lots of fruits, vegetables, nuts, and whole grains; ● Uses olive oil instead of other fats; ● Includes some fish, poultry, and dairy products, but not much red meat.
What about eggs?
Eggs are fine if you want to eat them, but don't overdo it. The news often talks about the health benefits or harms of eggs. The truth is that eggs are a good source of protein and do not raise cholesterol levels much. Saturated fats raise cholesterol levels more than eggs.
Are there certain foods that can lower cholesterol?
Yes. There are some foods that seem to help lower cholesterol levels, including: ● Foods rich in omega-3 fatty acids - studies show that people who eat a lot of these foods are less likely to have heart disease than those who eat less. Examples of such foods include oily fish (such as salmon, herring, or tuna), olive oil, and canola oil. It is enough to eat 1-2 servings of oily fish per week. Nuts - some studies show that eating certain nuts can help lower cholesterol levels. They may even reduce the risk of heart attack or death. These nuts include walnuts, almonds, and pistachios. ● Fiber-rich foods - These foods lower cholesterol and are generally good for your health. For example, fruits, vegetables, beans, and oats. Some doctors even recommend taking fiber supplements.
What about designer foods that claim to lower cholesterol?
Be careful with such foods. Nowadays, there are many products that contain plant extracts called "sterols" or "stanols". Examples include special margarines such as Benecol. Foods with added sterols or stanols may lower cholesterol levels. But it is unclear whether they help reduce the risk of heart attack or stroke, and whether they are safe for long-term use. In addition, animal studies show that these extracts can cause health problems. Experts believe that more research is needed before they can recommend that people consume these products.
Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation 2 (SCORE2)
Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation 2-Older Persons (SCORE2-OP)
Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation 2-Diabetes (SCORE2-Diabetes)
Зbased on your answers, you are recommended for screening for type 2 diabetes (ablood glucose test, or glucose tolerance test, or glycosylated hemoglobin) 1 time in 3 years, provided the test result is normal. Consult your doctor for recommendations.
Based on your answers, you are at high risk for type 2 diabetes. You are recommended to be screened from 35 to 70 years of age, using any test (blood sugar test, or glucose tolerance test or glycosylated hemoglobin), more often than once every 3 years.
Discuss with your doctor the frequency of testing and possible additional examinations based on your personal risk factors. This will allow you to choose the optimal program of prevention and early diagnosis. Regular testing is an important step for timely detection and treatment, which significantly reduces the risk of complications.
If you have diabetes, it is important to regularly monitor your blood glucose levels and follow your doctor's recommendations regarding diet, physical activity, and medications. You should avoid skipping meals and medications, and seek medical attention for any complications or unusual symptoms. Regular visits to the doctor will help to effectively monitor the condition and prevent complications.
All smokers and ex-smokers have an increased risk of developing an aortic aneurysm, so to exclude this pathology, you are recommended to undergo a single abdominal aortic ultrasound.
All smokers and ex-smokers have an increased risk of developing an aortic aneurysm, so starting from the age of 65, such people are recommended to undergo a single ultrasound of the abdominal aorta. After reaching this age, consult your doctor about this issue.
You are recommended to undergo a bone density test. Contact your family doctor.
It is recommended that you start screening for osteoporosis if you have gone through menopause. Also, to determine the risk of hip fracture in your case in the next 10 years, we recommend taking the FRAX survey https://frax.shef.ac.uk/FRAX/tool.aspx?lang=uk Contact your doctor for a questionnaire and examination.
Women younger than 65 years of age who have gone through menopause and have a first-line relative with a spine or hip fracture may be at risk. Consult your family doctor to decide on osteoporosis screening in your case.
The decision to have osteoporosis screening for men should be made in consultation with your doctor. It is important to maintain a balanced diet with sufficient calcium and vitamin D, as well as to engage in regular physical activity, including endurance exercises, to strengthen bones. To avoid falls in the home, measures should be taken, such as eliminating dangerous objects and wearing comfortable shoes. It is recommended to use tools such as the FRAX (Fracture Risk Assessment Tool) https://frax.shef.ac.uk/FRAX/tool.aspx?lang=uk to assess the risk of fractures. Regular medical examinations will help to identify problems with bone mass in a timely manner and take the necessary measures.
A vegetarian diet increases the need for certain nutrients that require special attention when planning your diet. These include iron, zinc, iodine and vitamin B12, calcium, vitamin D, and protein. It is important to ensure their adequate intake by including a variety of plant sources in your diet. Postmenopausal women and men over 70 should undergo densitometry to assess their risk of osteoporosis. Contact your doctor to schedule screening examinations and their regularity.
Falls are a common problem for people over 65, but there are simple steps you can take to stay safe. Regular exercise, especially those that improve balance and strength, can help you feel more confident on your feet. It is also important to review the list of medications you are taking with your doctor, as some of them can cause dizziness or increase the likelihood of falls. Be sure to have your eyesight and hearing checked regularly, as they play an important role in making you aware of your surroundings. At home, small changes such as adding grab bars in the bathroom, removing carpets, and good lighting can make a big difference. If you don't get enough sunlight, talk to your doctor about taking a vitamin D supplement to keep your muscles and bones strong. Wearing comfortable, non-slip shoes and addressing foot problems will also help you stay stable.
According to the results of the questionnaire, you have a high risk of depression.
Depression is a very common disorder that can happen to anyone. Being depressed does not mean that a person is weak or lazy.
Negative attitudes of others (e.g., "you should be stronger", "pull yourself together") may be due to the fact that depression is not a visible disorder like a fracture or wound. There is also a misconception that people with depression can easily control their symptoms through willpower.
People with depression often have unrealistically negative attitudes about themselves, their lives, and their future. Their current situation may be very difficult, but depression can lead to unjustified thoughts of helplessness and worthlessness. These attitudes usually change for the better as the symptoms of depression ease.
In depression, thoughts of self-harm or suicide are common. If you notice such thoughts, you should not be guided by them, but You should seek help immediately from a trusted family member, friend, or health care provider.
It is normal to talk about suicide. Talking about suicide does not provoke suicide.
Suicide can be prevented.
An episode of self-harm/suicide is a sign of severe emotional distress. The person sees no alternative or solution. That is why it is important to immediately provide such a person with support to overcome their emotional problems and stressors.
Tools that can be used to self-harm (e.g., weapons and medications) should be removed from the home.
A social network that includes family and other people is important for providing social support.
If you do not have people to turn to for support, you can call the number 7333 (a hotline that operates around the clock).
For a definitive diagnosis and to choose the best treatment method for you, please consult a doctor.
Thoughts of self-harm or suicide are common in depression. If you notice yourself having these thoughts, you should not act on them, but rather tell someone you trust and get help right away. If you don't have anyone you can turn to for support, you can call 7333 (a hotline that operates around the clock).
According to the results of the questionnaire, you are unlikely to be depressed.
Some facts about depression:
In depression, the following are common thoughts of self-harm or suicide. Крім депресії, їх причиною можуть бути різні стани, як от сильний стрес, хронічний біль тощо. Якщо Ви помічаєте за собою такі думки, то не слід керуватися ними, а You should seek help immediately from a trusted family member, friend, or health care provider.
Suicides can be prevented.
According to the results of the questionnaire, depression is unlikely to occur.
According to international recommendations, a person should be assessed for depression if they have it:
If you have any of the above symptoms, consult a doctor for an accurate diagnosis.
You are at risk of developing colorectal cancer. It is recommended to undergo regular screening examinations even if you have no symptoms. This will allow you to detect possible changes in time and start treatment at an early stage. For people aged 45-75 years, one or more of the following examinations are recommended for early diagnosis of bowel cancer:
To choose the tactics that are best for you, consult your doctor.
Level of evidence A, B
You are at risk of developing colorectal cancer. It is recommended to undergo regular screening examinations even if you have no symptoms. This will allow you to detect possible changes in time and start treatment at an early stage. To determine the feasibility of early diagnosis of colorectal cancer in your case, consult your doctor.
You have an increased risk of developing colorectal cancer. It is recommended to undergo regular screening examinations even if you have no symptoms. This will allow you to detect possible changes in time and start treatment at an early stage. For early diagnosis of bowel cancer in your case, one of the following examinations is recommended:
Consult your doctor to choose the optimal examination plan that takes into account your family history and is best suited for you.
People with inflammatory bowel disease (ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease) are at a higher risk of developing colorectal cancer. Therefore, for most patients, in order to detect this pathology early, it is recommended to perform colonoscopies Once every 1-3 years, starting from the 8th year after the onset of the disease. To choose the tactics that are best for you, consult your doctor.
You need to have a low-dose computed tomography screening for lung cancer. Contact your doctor.
You have an increased risk of developing lung cancer in the future. It is recommended that you undergo regular screening examinations (low-dose CT scan of the lungs) even if you have no symptoms. This will allow you to detect possible changes in time and start treatment at an early stage. Also, smoking cessation is one of the most effective strategies for reducing the risk of the disease. Discuss with your doctor the optimal examination plan, taking into account your family history.
Patients who have smoked for more than 20 pack-years or quit smoking less than 15 years ago are at increased risk of developing lung cancer. Please consult your family physician to discuss the start of screening for this disease.
Routine breast cancer screening is not recommended for women under 40. On the other hand, if you have at least one of these risk factors, discuss the need for screening with your family doctor.
Risk factors:
According to the United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), every woman aged 40-74 should have a screening mammogram every 2 years.
If close relatives have been diagnosed with breast cancer, it is recommended to start annual screening 10 years earlier than standard recommendations, i.e. at the age of 30.
Given the high prevalence of transient HPV infection among young women, primary screening for cervical cancer at the age of 21 to 24 years is performed only by means of Pap test.
For routine cervical cancer screening, with the patient's informed consent, it is recommended to to conduct co-testing (HPV testing in combination with cervical cancer) in women aged 25-65 years every 5 years.
The United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommends that the decision to screen for prostate cancer for all men aged 55-69 should be made in consultation with a physician.
You have an increased risk of developing prostate cancer. Talk to your doctor about the best screening plan based on your family history.
You have an increased risk of developing prostate cancer in the future. It is recommended to undergo regular screening examinations even if you have no symptoms. This will allow you to detect possible changes in time and start treatment at an early stage. Discuss with your doctor the optimal examination plan, taking into account your family history.
It is important for patients with cancer to follow the treatment plan under the close supervision of a doctor. Currently, modern treatments such as chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and targeted treatments are quite effective. In addition, cancer can be a risk factor for other diseases, such as cardiovascular, pulmonary, or infectious diseases. Therefore, you should pay special attention to your overall health. It is also important to be regularly screened for other types of cancer, as the risk of developing new cancers may be increased.
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